About Histopathology & Cytology:
Histopathology & Cytology
Histopathology and Cytology are two essential branches of pathology that focus on examining tissues and cells to diagnose a wide range of diseases, including infections, inflammations, precancerous conditions, and cancers. These tests provide highly accurate and detailed insights into the structural and cellular changes that occur within the body, making them critical tools for modern medical diagnosis and treatment planning.
Histopathology:
Histopathology involves the microscopic examination of tissue samples taken through biopsy, surgery, or other medical procedures. These tissues are processed, stained, and evaluated by expert pathologists to identify any abnormalities in cell structure, tissue patterns, or organ architecture. Through histopathological analysis, doctors can confirm:
- Types and stages of cancer
- Chronic inflammation
- Autoimmune diseases
- Benign and malignant tumors
- Organ-specific disorders
Histopathology provides definitive and highly reliable diagnostic information that guides surgeons, oncologists, and physicians in choosing the most effective treatment strategy.
Cytology:
Cytology focuses on the study of individual cells rather than whole tissues. Using techniques such as fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), Pap smear, fluid cytology, and exfoliative cytology, cytologists examine cells for abnormal changes.
Cytology is widely used for:
- Early detection of cancers (especially cervical cancer)
- Screening of precancerous cellular changes
- Diagnosis of lumps, swellings, and fluid-based abnormalities
- Identification of infections and inflammatory conditions
It is a minimally invasive, fast, and cost-effective diagnostic method.